Ecology

"Using the right word, the right idea, the right concept, with the most commonly accepted definition, or even better, with the best accepted and understood definition, can sometimes be a feat...”

Patrick Triplet

> With this quote, we wish to pay tribute to the colosal work of this biologist, and doctor of ecology whose great oeuvre, Dictionnaire encyclopédique de la diversité biologique et de la conservation de la nature (The Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Biological Diversity and Nature Conservation) ─ compiled over the course of more than ten years ─ is the basis of many of the definitions found in this glossary. Indeed, it is by using a language with precise words and clearly defined concepts that everyone and anyone can approach and understand fields of study that may not necessarily be within their own expertise.

This glossary of over 6,000 definitions, written in French with corresponding English translations, is here to help you. It covers the complementary fields of Geography, Ecology, and Economics, without forgetting a small detour into the world of Finance, which of course regulates a large part of our existence.

Travelling from one definition to another, this glossary invites you to explore the rich world of conservation and to understand its mechanisms and challenges.

We wish you all : "Happy reading and a safe journey through our world".

Indice d’aridité

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Glossaries

Term Definition
Indice d’aridité

♦ Indicateur quantitatif du degré du manque d’eau présente à un endroit donné qui se calcule par la formule de De Martonne :

Indice d’aridité : I = P / T + 10

   où     P : Précipitation moyenne annuelle (mm)
            T : Température moyenne annuelle (C°)

Si : I est compris entre :

  •  5-10  >> Milieu très sec
  • 10-20 >> Milieu semi-aride
  • 20-30 >> Milieu tempéré

Classement en fonction de l'indice d'Aridité De Martonne

────────────────────────────
  Indice De Martonne            Type de Climat
────────────────────────────
              I ≤ 5                               Climat hyper aride
           5 ≤ I ≤ 7,5                       Climat désertique
        7,5 ≤ I ≤ 10                        Climat steppique
         10 ≤ I ≤ 20                        Climat semi-aride
         20 ≤ I ≤ 30                          Climat tempéré
             I ≤ 30                                 Climat humide
────────────────────────────

Les indices d’aridité permettent de définir la qualité des zones concernées.

> Indice d’aridité résultant de l'utilisation du rapport P / ETP

Précipitation moyenne par an (P) / évapotranspiration potentielle moyenne par an (ETP)

─────────────────────────────────────────────────
        Zones                  Pluviométrie       Indice d’aridit         Penman Indice
                                         moyenne             annuelle/mm               du PNUE
─────────────────────────────────────────────────
Hyper-arides                 P < 100                    < 0,05                        < 0,05
Arides                             100-400               0,05-0,28                   0,05-0,20
Semi-arides                 400-600               0,28-0,43                   0,21-0,50
Subhumides                600-800               0,43-0,60                   0,51-0,65
     sèches
Subhumides               800-1200               0,60-0,90                   > 0,65
  et humides
Hyper-humides           P > 1200                      > 0,90
─────────────────────────────────────────────────  

 ♦ Équivalent étranger : Aridity index.